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The Collector's Guide to Pocket Calculators lists over 1,500 models of early pocket calculators from over 220 companies.

If you have an early pocket calculator (from the 1970s with LED, vacuum fluorescent, discharge, or early LCD display, and battery powered) which is not in The Collector's Guide, please email the details as in the list below for inclusion here.

Details for each calculator are required in the format used in the book, and below:
Manufacturer or Trading Company, Model Name or Number (there may be more than one), Functions, Display Type, Battery type (and if rechargeable), Size, Country of Manufacture, any Interesting Features.

A small frontal photograph (jpeg format, about 600 pixels max dimension) of each would be useful and will be included with the details if of good quality.
Please email with details.

New Calculators

Latest Update - latest additions have the date added.

Go to  E   F   G   H   I

E

Eastern

• 201C, 4-functions, %, VFD. Photo.
• 233, 4-functions, %, memory, square root, VFD, 83x139x32mm / 3.3x5.5x1.25", c1975. Photo, inside. May 08.

Edmund Scientific (U.S. mail-order scientific instrument and component company)

• 1945, 4 function, %, red LED, rech. batt. pack, plugs directly into AC, 51x90x15mm / 2.1x3.5x0.6", Hong Kong. Featured calculator. Feb 07.
• Scientific, scientific, red LED, rech. batt. pack, plugs directly into AC, 51x90x15mm / 2.1x3.5x0.6", Hong Kong. Feb 07.

Eiko (See Unitrex)

Elcon (Waterloo, New South Wales, Australia)

• SC-44, scientific, red LED, Hong Kong, similar to Kings Point SC-44. Photo. Dec 07.

Eldorado (U.S. company)

• 8KB, listed in book.
• Mathmagic, listed in book.
• Touchmagic B, listed in book.

Electronic Readout Systems

• 1660, listed in book.

Elektronika (Russian manufacturer. Some of these models were manufactured into the 1990s.)

• B3-04, listed in book.
• B3-09M, listed in book.
• B3-14, 4-functions, %, sqare root, blue VFD, 4- AA rep. batt., 123x73x30 / 4.8x2.9x1.2", U.S.S.R. Photo. Mar 04.
• B3-14M, listed in book.
• B3-18, listed in book.
• B3-18A, Scientific, green VFD, 4-large button cells, 90x158x40mm / 3.5x6.2x1.6", U.S.S.R., similar to Rockwell 61R. Photo. Feb 08.
• B3-19, listed in book.
• B3-21, listed in book.
• B3-23, listed in book.
• B3-24G, listed in book.
• B3-26, listed in book.
• B3-30, listed in book.
• B3-32, listed in book.
• B3-34, listed in book.
• B3-36 model also comes in green fluor display (book notes LED display).
• B3-37, listed in book.
• C3-15, listed in book. Featured calculator.
• C3-27, listed in book.
• C3-33, listed in book.
• MK-33, 4 function, %, mem, sq rt, red LED, 3- rechargeable button cells, 70x131x14mm / , USSR, 1980s-1990s, very late use of red LED display. Photo. Featured calculator.
• MK-36, sci-funct, blue VFD, 3- rech. cells, 145x79x15mm / 5.7x3.1x0.6", USSR, thin metal casing similar to some Rockwell models. Photo. Mar 07.
• MK-37, sci-funct, LED display, 3-AA rep batt, 3.25x6.0" (8x15cm), manual has 1989 hand stamp, USSR.
• MK-52, listed in book.
• MK-54, listed in book.
• MK-57A. Featured calculator.
• MK-61, listed in book. Featured calculator.

Elite (European market calculator)

• 2000 R, 4-function, %, sq rt., green VFD.
• 4000M, listed in book.
• 4003, listed in book.
• 4003R 4-funct, 8 digit fluor, 4-AA rep batt, similar to 4003.
• 5000TM, listed in book.
• 7004SR, listed in book.
• S2003, listed in book.

Elka (Bulgarian company. Most calculators available in different colours.)

• 101, listed in book. Featured calculator.
• 103, 4-function, memory, red LED.
• 732, listed in book.

Elorg (Electronorgtechnika, USSR company, made in USSR, very similar to models made by General Instruments of Canada (see General EZ2000). Possibly USSR company purchased molds and equipment after General quit calculator business.)

• 801, 4-function, %, red LED, 3-AA rep. batt., 78x153x27mm / , U.S.S.R., for export - instructions on the back in English. Featured calculator.

Elwro (Mera-Elwro, Polish company)

• 440 "Bolek", 4-funct, %, sq rt, sq, recipr, red LED, 9v (PP3) rep batt, main chip MOS Technology MPS7545, 130x65x20mm / 5.1x2.6x0.8", 1979, Poland. Photo.
• 480 "Lolek", scientific, red LED, 9v (PP3) rep batt, main chip MOS Technology MPS7529, 130x65x20mm / 5.1x2.6x0.8", 1978, Poland. Photo.

Eltex (German company)

• 2000, listed in book.

Emerson

• SX-4500, listed in book.

Enterprex (U.S. company)

• 100M, listed in book.
• 406, listed in book.
• 605, listed in book.
• 616, listed in book.
• 904, scientific, red LED, 3-AA batt.
• BJ21 aka Black Jack, calculator & game, listed in book. Photo.
• M-90, listed in book.
• R-90, listed in book.
• SR-55, listed in book.
• ST-100, listed in book.
• Z-50, listed in book.
• Z-90, listed in book.

Epoch

• Casino 21 "Blackjack", 4-function, sq rt., Blackjack game, 10-digits green VFD, c1978.

ERS (Electronic Readout Systems Inc.)

• 125950, 4-function, %, memory, red LED.

Exactra (See the Exactra models by Texas Instruments)

Excel

• TN-85, 4 function, %, blue VFD, 4-AA rep batt, Japan. Photo. May 08.

Execucal (Made in USA by Metronics Laboratories Inc., Wappingers Falls, NY)

• Execucal M55, two types of keypad - TI Klixon and alternative, amber Panaplex discharge display, uses 2x Eveready type 533 4.5v alkaline batteries. Photo Klixon keypad , photo alternative keypad.

Executron

• 4M, 4 function, %, memory, red LED, 9v rep batt, 2.75 x 5.1", Hong Kong. - Label says, "Use Prinztronic ADX adapter", so some relationship with Prinztronic ? Photo
• 892D, 4-function, sq rt., red LED, 3-AA batt, "made by Unitrex".

Excelmate (European market calculator)

• 108 4-funct, %, sq rt, 8 digit green fluor, 2-AA rep batt, 3.0x5.5", Japan. Photo

F

Faber-Castell (German company)

• TR 3, listed in book.
• TRX, 4-function, %, memory, red LED, 2- AAA rep. batt., W. Germany, another distinctive Faber-Castell horizontal-design calculator. Jan. 07.

Facit (Swedish calculator company)

• 1101 4-funct, mem, %, 8 digit red LED, 9V rep batt, 2.8x5.8", unusual "bent-shape" design, Sweden. Photo.
• 1106, similar to Sharp EL-805S. Photo. Featured calculator.
• 1111, similar to Sharp EL-8. Featured calculator.
• 1140, listed in book.

Falcon

• F600, listed in book.

FactFinder (there is no information available about this company, if you have any information please get in touch)

• model 2000, 4-function, %, memory, sq. rt., red LED, 9v rep batt, 68x132x22mm / 2.7x5.2x0.9". Photo.

Federal (Euro market)

• Compact, 4-funct, %, sq rt, 8 digit green VFD, 2x AA rep batt, 74x128x20mm/3x5x0.75", Japan. Photo.
• Memory, 4-funct, %, mem, sq rt, 8 digit green VFD, 2x AA rep batt, 74x128x20mm/3x5x0.75", Japan. Photo.

Felix (made by ICE (Întreprinderea de Calculatoare Electronice - "the Electronic Calculator Plant"), Bucharest, Romania)

• CE 845 "Mathematician", RPN scientific, red LED, 9v (PP3) rep batt, Romania, c1977/8. Made in Romania, it is based on the National Semiconductor 4510 "Mathematician", and the design may have been sold by Nat. Semi. when the company left the calculator market. Photo 1, photo 2.

First

• First, 4-function, %, memory, square root, green VFD, 2-AA rep. batt., 77x127x20mm / 3.0x5.0x0.8", Japan. Photo. Mar 08.

Flight

• 880, 4-function, %, memory, red LED, 9v PP3 rep. batt., 74x134x24mm / 2.9x5.25x0.9", Hong Kong, a "standard type 2" calculator. Photo . Mar 08.

Ford Motor Credit Company Ltd.

• Fiesta (aka model 811DB), 4-function, %, memory, sq rt., square, green VFD, 2-AA rep batt., 85x157x24mm / 3.3x6.2x0.9", the Fiesta is a type of Ford car, has a "Broughtons of Bristol" label on back (this company acquired the Busicom name in the mid 1970s, so this is probably a re-labelled Busicom 811DB). Photo.

Fords

• SC85M, scientific, green VFD.

Friden (See Singer)

G

Galfa (Galleries Lafayette, department store in Paris, France)

• 81/3, 4-function, %, memory, square root, green VFD, 3-AA rep. batt., 76x153x23mm / 3.0x6.0x0.9", made by Rockwell, similar to 24RD II, Japan. Photo.

Geeta

• 3000, similar to Bohsei 3000. Photo.  See also the "Standard Type 1 Calculator" page. Featured calculator.

Geller (Geller (Business Equipment) Ltd., UK marketing company)

• Teal LE-8, 4 function, red LED, 6-AA rep batt, 74x142x31mm / 2.9x5.6x1.2", c1972, Japan, a Teal LE-8 "President" labelled with the Geller name. Photo. Mar 07.

General (General/Teknika) (European market calculator)

• 812 4-funct, mem, %, sgn chg, 8 digit red LED, 3-AA rep batt, 2.75x5.0", Japan. Photo.

General Electric (GE) (Sold by Australian General Electric (Appliances) Pty. Limited. Similar to Omron models.)

• Genius 50, 4-funct, %, blue VFD.
• Genius 63 aka CE 63, 4-funct, sq rt., blue VFD.
• Genius 70, 4-funct, mem, %, 8 digit blue-green fluor, round keys, black keyboard, white body, same as Omron style, 2-AA rep batt, 3.25x6.0" (8x15 cm), Singapore.

General Instrument (Canadian company)

• EZ-2000, listed in book.
• EZ-3000, listed in book (9v rep batt). Photo.
• EZ-3100, listed in book.

Gemini (Made by Newlyn Electronics, Penzance, U.K. There appears to have been a connection between this company and Emihus Microcomponents Ltd. If you have any information about this please get in touch.)

• 1, 4 functions, %, red LED, 3-N rep. batt., 70x122x25mm / 2.8x4.8x1.0", U.K.. Featured British calculator. Feb 08.
• 2, 4-function, memory, %, red LED, 3-N rep. batt., 70x122x25mm / 2.8x4.8x1.0", U.K., c1975. Featured British calculator. Aug 07.

Genesonic

• a595, 4-function, memory, %.

Gillette (U.S. company)

• PC-1, listed in book. Featured calculator.

Ginza

• Ginza, 4 function, %, memory, red LED, 9v rep batt, 2.8x5.2", Hong Kong, gray colored, has some resemblance to Bohsei 3000 and Texet 880, ~1979. Photo.

Glentex

• 80d, 4 function, %, green VFD, 4-AA rep batt, 86x140x26mm / 3.9x5.5x1.0", Japan. Photo. Feb 08.

Goodyear

• G191, 4-function, memory, %, red LED, Goodyear tyres promotional item. Photo. Is a version of the "Standard Type 1 Calculator".

Gracia

• Gracia, 4-function, memory, %, red LED. Is a version of the "Standard Type 1 Calculator".

Granstand

• 4 in 1, 4 function, memory, games, 10 digit red LED, 5-AA rep batt, 87x159x42mm / 3.4x6.3x1.7", Hong Kong, ~1979. Photo.

Great (NEC (Nippon Electric Company), Japan)

• HM-80D, 4 function, memory, green VFD, 4-AA rep batt, 85x135x26mm. / 3.3x5.3x1.0", Japan, ~1979. Photo.

H

Hanimex (Australian based company. On one calculator label it says "Hanimex Group Companies: Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, U.K., U.S.A., West Germany".)

• 08L, 4-function, green VFD, c1973. Photo, in carry case. Sep 07.
• 100M "flip-vue", 4-function, %, memory, unique flip-up red LED display.
• 202, listed in book.
• 205 aka Calculator-Recorder, listed in book. Featured calculator.
• 232, 4-function, %, sq rt, red LED. Jan 07.
• 305, listed in book.
• 805, 4-function, %, red LED, 2-AA rep. batt. Photo.
• 807, listed in book.
• 811, listed in book.
• 830M, 4-funct, %, memory, square root, green fluorescent, 1- AA rep batt, 3.0x4.7", Korea, c1980. Photo.
• 1640, listed in book.
• 1226T, 4-function, %, memory, VFD, printer. Jan 07.
• 2110 "FINANCIER", financial, green VFD, 2-AA batt.
• 2170, listed in book.
• BC806, 4 function, 6x AA rep. batt., 87x155x34mm / 3.4x6.1x1.3", Hong Kong. Photo.
• BC807, 4 function, %, green VFD, 4x AA rech. batt., 80x137x31mm / 3.1x5.4x1.2", Hong Kong. Photo.
• BC 808, 4 function, %, red LED, 3-N rep. batt., 71x122x25mm / 2.8x4.8x1", c1973, U.K. Photo.
• BC 820, 4 function, green VFD, 4-AA rep. batt., 90x160x36mm / 3.5x6.3x1.4", c1973, Japan. Photo, inside.
• BC900, 4 function, %, green VFD, 4-AA rep batt., 81x135x25mm / 3.2x5.3x1.0", c1975. Photo.
• BC-900B, listed in book.
• BCM-19V, listed in book.
• BCM-30, listed in book.
• BCM-99, 4-funct, %, memory, green fluor, PP3 rep batt, 127x72x22mm / 5.0x2.8x0.9". Photo.
• BCM-803, listed in book.
• BCM-817, listed in book.
• BCM-818 (type 1), listed in book.
• BCM-818 (type 2), 4 function, %, memory, sq rt., green VFD, 4- AA rep batt. Photo.
• CM-401, listed in book.
• ESF-101, listed in book.
• SL90, 4-funct, %, green VFD, 4- AAA rep batt., 70x120x21mm / 2.75x4.75x0.8", Hong Kong. Photo.
• TDP850, 4-funct, %, green VFD, printer, 4- C rep batt. Jan 07.
• TP750, listed in book.
• VP8M 4-funct, mem, red LED display, 2-AA rep batt, Hong Kong.

Hanomat

• Hanomat, 4-funct, memory, red LED, PP3 rep batt, 67x112x23mm / 2.6x4.4x0.9", Hong Kong, c1980. Photo.

Hapco (U.S. company)

• Mark II, listed in book.

Harvard

• Calculator-Recorder, 4-function, %, memory, sq rt., green VFD, combined calculator and mini cassette recorder, similar to Hanimex Calculator-Recorder.
• Mini 501, 4-function, %, red LED, 3-AA rep. batt., 75x144x24mm / 3.0x5.7x0.9", Korea. Photo.

Heathkit (U.S. company, calculators assembled from kits)

• IC-2006, listed in book.
• IC-2009, listed in book. Featured calculator.
• OC-1401 Aircraft Navigation Computer, aircraft navigation functions, 10 digits red LED, U.S.A. Photo, in fitted case with accesories.

Hewlett-Packard (U.S. company) (there are details of all vintage Hewlett Packard calculators at www.hpmuseum.org)

• 01, listed in book.
• 10, listed in book.
• 19C, listed in book.
• 21, listed in book.
• 22, listed in book.
• 25, listed in book. Photo
• 25C, listed in book.
• 27, listed in book.
• 29C, listed in book.
• 31E, listed in book.
• 32E, listed in book.
• 33C, listed in book.
• 33E, listed in book.
• 34C, listed in book.
• 35, listed in book. Featured calculator.
• 37E, listed in book.
• 38C, listed in book.
• 38E, listed in book.
• 45, listed in book.
• 55, listed in book.
• 65, listed in book. Featured calculator.
• 67, listed in book.
• 70, listed in book.
• 80, listed in book. Featured Calculator.
• 91, listed in book.
• 92, listed in book.
• 97, listed in book.
• 97S, listed in book.

Hiradastechnika SzovetKezet (Hungarian company)

• Hiradastechnika version of Bowmar MX-55. Featured Calculator.

Hitachi (Japanese company)

• KK 181B, 4-function, blue fluorescent, 5- AA rechargeable batt, battery level meter, flip-up display cover, 4.0x7.0", Japan, ~1972. Photo.
• KK221B, 4-funct, %, 8-digit fluor, 4-AA rech batt pack, 112x167x37mm / 4.4x6.6x1.5", Japan. Similar to Singer Friden 1200. Photo1 Photo2.

Homeland (European market (?), made in Japan by Toshiba Business Machine Co., Ltd.)

• 801, 4 function, %, sq rt, green VFD, 2-AA rep. batt.,147x75mm / 5.8x3.0", Japan. Photo.
• 807, 4 function, %, sq rt, green VFD, 2-AA rep. batt., 152x75mm / 6.0x3.0", Japan. Photo.
• 810, 4 function, %, memory, square root, green fluorescent, 4-AA rep batt, 3.3x5.3", Made in Japan (Toshiba Business Mashine (sic) Co., Ltd.). Photo.
• 8006, listed in book.
• 8009, 4 function, %, square root, green fluorescent, 2-AA rep batt, 3.2x5.3", Japan. Photo.

Hornet (Great Wall Electronic Co., Taiwan. European market.)

• mini 810, 4 function, red LED, 9v PP3 rep. batt., 74x119x23mm / 2.9x4.7x0.9", Taiwan. Photo. Oct. 07.
• mini 816, 4 function, %, mem, red LED, 9v PP3 rep. batt., 74x119x23mm / 2.9x4.7x0.9", Taiwan. Photo. Oct. 07.

House of Fraser (British company - used deer head logo. All calculators made by Rockwell.)

• 8F. Featured British calculator.
• 14HF. Featured British calculator.
• 18F. Featured British calculator.
• 24HF. Featured British calculator.
• 30F. Featured British calculator.
• 64HF. Featured British calculator.

Hughes Aircraft (U.S. company)

• Calculator Watch, listed in book.

Hugin (European market calculator)

• Memory 4-funct, %, mem, sq rt, 8 digit green fluor, 2-AA rep batt, 3.0x5.5", similar to Toho Roger series, Japan.

I

Iain Jones (U.S. company)

• Addison Mini A, 4-funct, red LED, PP3 rech. batt, Klixon keypad, 80x149x28mm / 3.1x5.9x1.1", U.S.A., c1972/3. Photo.
• Mini, listed in book.
• Phoenix, listed in book.
• Phoenix 101, 4-function, rech. batt. Jan 07.

Ibico

• 076, 4 funct, %, mem, sq rt, green VFD, 4- AAA rep batt, Japan. Jan 07.
• 083, listed in book.
• 085, 4 funct, %, mem, green VFD, 4-AA rep batt, 89x135x30mm / 3.5x5.3x1.2". Photo (calculator in rough condition).
• 086, listed in book.
• 088 type 1, listed in book. Photo.
• 088 type 2, 4 function, %, memory, sq rt, square, green fluorescent, 2-AA rep batt, 84x133x30mm / 3.3x5.3x1.2", Japan. Photo.

ICE

• Travelmate RS-11, 4-functions, %, green VFD.
• Travelmate RS-16, 4-functions, %, ??, green VFD.

ICP (International Consumer Products Ltd., U.S. company)

• 504, listed in book. Photo.
• 525, 4 function, %, memory, 8-digit red LED. Photo.
• 530, listed in book.
• 537, listed in book.

IEE

• Universal 202, 4-functions, %, memory, red LED, 9v PP3 rep. batt, Singapore. Jan 07.

IME (Industria Macchine Elettroniche, Italian company)

• minIME2, 4 function, red LED, 5- AA rep batt, 80x147x27mm / 3.1x5.8x1.1", Italy. Photo, inside.
• minIME5, 4 function, %, memory, red LED, 9v (PP3) rep batt, 67x125x23mm / 2.6x4.9x0.9", Singapore. Photo.

Imperial (Imperial Typewriter Company, England, was a division of Litton Industries).

• 80CS (aka EC 40).  Featured British calculator. Oct. 07.
• 81CS.  Featured British calculator. Oct. 07.
• 81SR, scientific, green fluor, 3- AAA rep batt, 65x95x23mm / 2.5x3.75x0.9", Japan. Photo. Featured British calculator .
• 81M, 4 function, %, memory, green fluor, 3- AAA rep batt, 2.5x3.75", Japan, identical to Royal 81M except for "Imperial" logo. Photo. Featured British calculator.
• 90K, listed in book.
• 90S, 4 function, %, memory, square root, Pi, green fluor, 4- AAA rep batt, 3.0x4.75", Japan, identical to Royal 90S except for "Imperial" logo. Photo. Featured British calculator.
• 91K, 4 function, %, memory, green fluor, 4- AAA rep batt, 3.0x4.75", Japan, identical to Royal 91K except for "Imperial" logo. Photo. Featured British calculator.
• 91S, 4 function, %, memory, square root, green fluorescent, 4-AAA rep batt, Japan, (similar to Adler 81S). Photo. Featured British calculator .
• 94F, 4 function, square root, financial, green fluorescent, 4-AAA rep batt, 74x120x22mm / 2.9x4.7x0.9", Japan. Photo. Featured British calculator . Mar 07.
• 99T, 4 funct, limited scientific, 4- AAA rep batt, 74x120x20mm / 2.9x4.75x0.75". Photo. Featured British calculator .
• 1010.  Featured British calculator.
• 1020.  Featured British calculator.
• 1030.  Featured British calculator. Oct. 07.
• Companion.  Featured British calculator.
• Special.  Featured British calculator.

Ingersoll

• Memory Master, 4 function, %, memory, red LED, 4 x button cells, 61x113x14mm / 2.4x4.4x0.55", Hong kong. Small and thin. Photo.

Instru (marketed by Instrumentariun Oy, Finland)

• ALPHA, 4-function, %, memory, square root, green fluorescent, 4- AA rep batt, 3.5x5.5", Japan, ~1975. Photo.

International Calculator Corporation

• ADMINISTRATOR I, 4 function, %, red LED, 4 x button cells, 2.4x4.4x0.55", Hong kong. Small and thin, has membrane keyboard. Photo.

Internationale Internationale Warenhausgruppe (International Warehouse Group, German company)

• MR800, 4 function, %, memory, sq rt., green VFD, 3- AA batt., Japan. Photo.

Interton (German company, most calculators made in Germany).

• PC-4008, 4-functions, red LED.
• PC-4007, 4-functions, red LED, Germany. Photo.
• PC-4010, listed in book. Photo.
• Electronic PC 5009, 4 function, %, red LED, 4-AAA rep batt, 2.3x4.4", country of manufacture unknown, ~1975, similar case to PC 5019.
• Electronic PC 5019, 4 function, %, memory, square root, red LED, 4-AAA rep batt, 2.3x4.4", country of manufacture unknown, ~1975, similar case to PC 5009.
• Sensor 9, named after the unusal touch-sensor on/off switch, 4 function, %, green VFD, 9v (PP3 rep batt), 80x130x23mm / 3.1x5.1x0.9". Photo.
• VIP 10, 4 function, 10 digits red LED, 4-button cells, ~1976. Photo1, Photo2.
• Electronic (model number not known), 4 function, %, red LED, country of manufacture unknown. Photo.
• Electronic (model number not known), 4 function, %, memory, square root, red LED, 4-AAA rep batt, 2.3x4.4", country of manufacture unknown, ~1975. Photo.

Invicta (British company)

• Electronic Mastermind, game, listed in book. Featured British calculator.
• Supersonic Electronic Mastermind. Featured British calculator.

I.T.C. (No information available about this company, if you have any information please get in touch)

• F-80DX, Financial, blue VFD, 4-AA rep. batt., 85x135x27mm / 3.5x5.3x1.1". Photo.

ITT (International Telephone & Telegraph, U.S. company)

• S-Trainer, listed in book.

Click to go to :
Calculator Book Addendum A-B
Calculator Book Addendum C-D
Calculator Book Addendum J-O
Calculator Book Addendum P-R
Calculator Book Addendum S
Calculator Book Addendum T-Z

Key to Abbreviations

Functions:
4-funct = 4 basic mathematical functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
sci-funct = scientific or engineering functions (logarithmic and trigonometric functions such as log, sine, and cosine and usually memory, square, pi, etc.)
mem = memory
% = percent function
exp = exponent
paren = parentheses
pi = pi value
recip = reciprocal
sgn chg = sign change
sq rt = square root
sq funct = square functions (including square and square root)

Battery Type:
button rep batt = very small, disk-shaped, replaceable batteries commonly termed button-types, used mainly in LCD models.
rep batt = replaceable batteries (such as 9V, AA, C, and N batteries)
rep batt pack = replaceable batteries in a removable pack
sealed batt = rechargeable batteries sealed in the case
sealed batt pack = rechargeable batteries in a removable pack

Display Type:
See the section on Calculator Displays for more detailed information.
Displays have 8 digits unless specified otherwise.

COS-LCD = Early Liquid Crystal Display from Sharp showing silver digits on a dark background. COS stands for Crystal on Substrate. This display was used as early as October 1973 but eventually was phased out.
fluor = see VFD.
Gas discharge = Display containing all digits sealed in a single package employing  gas discharge to generate light in the same way as a neon lamp. Normally give amber- or orange-colored digits, and typified by the Panaplex® used by a few calculator manufacturers.
LCD = Liquid Crystal Display, a flat, gray-digit type of display type that uses less power and was embraced by calculator makers by the end of the 1970s. Early versions (used in the early 1970s) by Rockwell and Sharp are included in this guide.
LED = Light Emitting Diode display (usually red although sometimes a purple filter was used to color the display). LEDs often have small half bubble-like covers over the digits. tube or mini-tube = separate vacuum or fluorescent tube for each digit of display.
Yellow LCD = Early LCDs had a reliability problem with ultra-violet light and manufacturers used a yellow-colored filter over the normally gray display to remedy that. Refinements in later LCD designs removed the need for the filter.
VFD = Vacuum Fluorescent Display. Display containing all digits sealed in a single tube generating light from an electrical discharge onto a fluorescent material. The color of the digits is normally green or blue, or somewhere in between.

Other Information:
Klixon keypad = Texas Instruments Klixon® keypad was one of the earliest keypads and used greatly by Bowmar and a few other early calculator makers. It had the four basic functions and used metal key pads about 1/2" square.
Japan (for example) = country of manufacture as stated on calculator
RPN = Reverse Polish Notation, a method of calculating and user data entry used by HP calculators. A few other manufacturers also used RPN in more limited scale.
"aka" (also known as) is used when there is another name or model variation on the calculator.
"c" (for example, c1973) is used as "circa," denoting at approximately that time.

A big thanks to Thomas Brockmeier, Richard Brooks, Andrew Davie, Larry Gilbert, Niels Grot, Palmer Hanson, Steve Haynes, Robert King, Kent King, Jeff Lane, Philippe Leckler, Ken Meine, Bob Patton, James Redin, and CB Wilson for their help.

How to Buy the Book!!!!

Collector's Guide to Pocket Calculators

by Guy Ball and Bruce Flamm

This 204 page, softcover book is the world's most comprehensive listing of electronic pocket calculators from the 1970's, the so-called Golden Age of Pocket Calculators. Over 1,500 known calculators are detailed with information on features, size, display type, power type, and pricing. In addition, when known, the listing also contains date of sales, original pricing, and country of origin information.

The book features over 470 photographs of various models from over 240 manufacturers around the world (including calculators from lesser-known companies in England, Switzerland, Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Bulgaria, and Russia).

"The Collector's Guide to Pocket Calculators" includes a comprehensive value guide to help you gauge rarity and desirability of the various models -- especially as they relate to each other.

The book can be purchased for $23.95 plus $4 for USA first class mailing ($2 for US mailing via slower book rate, $6 for first class mailing to Canada and Mexico, and $8 for airmail to other countries). California residents please add $1.86 state sales tax.

!!!! SPECIAL OFFER !!!!

As a special offer, mention this page (newcalc1) and deduct $4 off the price of the book. This offer is only valid if you mention this page. We're trying to see how many people actually read this. If you do, it is a great way to get a great price on a great book!!

Mail to:
Wilson/Barnett Publishing
P.O. Box 345, Tustin, CA 92781-0345, USA
For additional information, contact co-author Guy Ball for additional details and purchase information.

Copyright ©1997 Guy Ball and Bruce Flamm, ©2002-2008 Nigel Tout

Vintage Calculators

© Text & photographs copyright Nigel Tout  2000 - 2007, and otherwise as indicated.